Tetrix¶
The Tetrix example is a Qt version of the classic Tetrix game.
The object of the game is to stack pieces dropped from the top of the playing area so that they fill entire rows at the bottom of the playing area.
When a row is filled, all the blocks on that row are removed, the player earns a number of points, and the pieces above are moved down to occupy that row. If more than one row is filled, the blocks on each row are removed, and the player earns extra points.
The Left cursor key moves the current piece one space to the left, the Right cursor key moves it one space to the right, the Up cursor key rotates the piece counter-clockwise by 90 degrees, and the Down cursor key rotates the piece clockwise by 90 degrees.
To avoid waiting for a piece to fall to the bottom of the board, press D to immediately move the piece down by one row, or press the Space key to drop it as close to the bottom of the board as possible.
This example shows how a simple game can be created using only three classes:
The
TetrixWindowclass is used to display the player’s score, number of lives, and information about the next piece to appear.The
TetrixBoardclass contains the game logic, handles keyboard input, and displays the pieces on the playing area.The
TetrixPiececlass contains information about each piece.
In this approach, the TetrixBoard class is the most complex class, since it
handles the game logic and rendering. One benefit of this is that the
TetrixWindow and TetrixPiece classes are very simple and contain only a
minimum of code.
# Copyright (C) 2013 Riverbank Computing Limited.
# Copyright (C) 2022 The Qt Company Ltd.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR BSD-3-Clause
from __future__ import annotations
"""PySide6 port of the widgets/widgets/tetrix example from Qt v5.x"""
from enum import IntEnum
import random
import sys
from PySide6.QtCore import QBasicTimer, QSize, Qt, Signal, Slot
from PySide6.QtGui import QColor, QPainter, QPixmap
from PySide6.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QFrame, QGridLayout, QLabel,
QLCDNumber, QPushButton, QWidget)
class Piece(IntEnum):
NoShape = 0
ZShape = 1
SShape = 2
LineShape = 3
TShape = 4
SquareShape = 5
LShape = 6
MirroredLShape = 7
class TetrixWindow(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.board = TetrixBoard()
next_piece_label = QLabel()
next_piece_label.setFrameStyle(QFrame.Box | QFrame.Raised)
next_piece_label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
self.board.set_next_piece_label(next_piece_label)
score_lcd = QLCDNumber(5)
score_lcd.setSegmentStyle(QLCDNumber.Filled)
level_lcd = QLCDNumber(2)
level_lcd.setSegmentStyle(QLCDNumber.Filled)
lines_lcd = QLCDNumber(5)
lines_lcd.setSegmentStyle(QLCDNumber.Filled)
start_button = QPushButton("&Start")
start_button.setFocusPolicy(Qt.NoFocus)
quit_button = QPushButton("&Quit")
quit_button.setFocusPolicy(Qt.NoFocus)
pause_button = QPushButton("&Pause")
pause_button.setFocusPolicy(Qt.NoFocus)
start_button.clicked.connect(self.board.start)
pause_button.clicked.connect(self.board.pause)
quit_button.clicked.connect(qApp.quit) # noqa: F821
self.board.score_changed.connect(score_lcd.display)
self.board.level_changed.connect(level_lcd.display)
self.board.lines_removed_changed.connect(lines_lcd.display)
layout = QGridLayout(self)
layout.addWidget(self.create_label("NEXT"), 0, 0)
layout.addWidget(next_piece_label, 1, 0)
layout.addWidget(self.create_label("LEVEL"), 2, 0)
layout.addWidget(level_lcd, 3, 0)
layout.addWidget(start_button, 4, 0)
layout.addWidget(self.board, 0, 1, 6, 1)
layout.addWidget(self.create_label("SCORE"), 0, 2)
layout.addWidget(score_lcd, 1, 2)
layout.addWidget(self.create_label("LINES REMOVED"), 2, 2)
layout.addWidget(lines_lcd, 3, 2)
layout.addWidget(quit_button, 4, 2)
layout.addWidget(pause_button, 5, 2)
self.setWindowTitle("Tetrix")
self.resize(550, 370)
def create_label(self, text):
lbl = QLabel(text)
lbl.setAlignment(Qt.AlignHCenter | Qt.AlignBottom)
return lbl
class TetrixBoard(QFrame):
board_width = 10
board_height = 22
score_changed = Signal(int)
level_changed = Signal(int)
lines_removed_changed = Signal(int)
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super().__init__(parent)
self.timer = QBasicTimer()
self.nextPieceLabel = None
self._is_waiting_after_line = False
self._cur_piece = TetrixPiece()
self._next_piece = TetrixPiece()
self._cur_x = 0
self._cur_y = 0
self._num_lines_removed = 0
self._num_pieces_dropped = 0
self.score = 0
self.level = 0
self.board = None
self.setFrameStyle(QFrame.Panel | QFrame.Sunken)
self.setFocusPolicy(Qt.StrongFocus)
self._is_started = False
self._is_paused = False
self.clear_board()
self._next_piece.set_random_shape()
def shape_at(self, x, y):
return self.board[(y * TetrixBoard.board_width) + x]
def set_shape_at(self, x, y, shape):
self.board[(y * TetrixBoard.board_width) + x] = shape
def timeout_time(self):
return 1000 / (1 + self.level)
def square_width(self):
return self.contentsRect().width() / TetrixBoard.board_width
def square_height(self):
return self.contentsRect().height() / TetrixBoard.board_height
def set_next_piece_label(self, label):
self.nextPieceLabel = label
def sizeHint(self):
return QSize(TetrixBoard.board_width * 15 + self.frameWidth() * 2,
TetrixBoard.board_height * 15 + self.frameWidth() * 2)
def minimum_size_hint(self):
return QSize(TetrixBoard.board_width * 5 + self.frameWidth() * 2,
TetrixBoard.board_height * 5 + self.frameWidth() * 2)
@Slot()
def start(self):
if self._is_paused:
return
self._is_started = True
self._is_waiting_after_line = False
self._num_lines_removed = 0
self._num_pieces_dropped = 0
self.score = 0
self.level = 1
self.clear_board()
self.lines_removed_changed.emit(self._num_lines_removed)
self.score_changed.emit(self.score)
self.level_changed.emit(self.level)
self.new_piece()
self.timer.start(self.timeout_time(), self)
@Slot()
def pause(self):
if not self._is_started:
return
self._is_paused = not self._is_paused
if self._is_paused:
self.timer.stop()
else:
self.timer.start(self.timeout_time(), self)
self.update()
def paintEvent(self, event):
super(TetrixBoard, self).paintEvent(event)
with QPainter(self) as painter:
rect = self.contentsRect()
if self._is_paused:
painter.drawText(rect, Qt.AlignCenter, "Pause")
return
board_top = rect.bottom() - TetrixBoard.board_height * self.square_height()
for i in range(TetrixBoard.board_height):
for j in range(TetrixBoard.board_width):
shape = self.shape_at(j, TetrixBoard.board_height - i - 1)
if shape != Piece.NoShape:
self.draw_square(painter,
rect.left() + j * self.square_width(),
board_top + i * self.square_height(), shape)
if self._cur_piece.shape() != Piece.NoShape:
for i in range(4):
x = self._cur_x + self._cur_piece.x(i)
y = self._cur_y - self._cur_piece.y(i)
self.draw_square(painter, rect.left() + x * self.square_width(),
board_top
+ (TetrixBoard.board_height - y - 1) * self.square_height(),
self._cur_piece.shape())
def keyPressEvent(self, event):
if not self._is_started or self._is_paused or self._cur_piece.shape() == Piece.NoShape:
super(TetrixBoard, self).keyPressEvent(event)
return
key = event.key()
if key == Qt.Key_Left:
self.try_move(self._cur_piece, self._cur_x - 1, self._cur_y)
elif key == Qt.Key_Right:
self.try_move(self._cur_piece, self._cur_x + 1, self._cur_y)
elif key == Qt.Key_Down:
self.try_move(self._cur_piece.rotated_right(), self._cur_x, self._cur_y)
elif key == Qt.Key_Up:
self.try_move(self._cur_piece.rotated_left(), self._cur_x, self._cur_y)
elif key == Qt.Key_Space:
self.drop_down()
elif key == Qt.Key_D:
self.one_line_down()
else:
super(TetrixBoard, self).keyPressEvent(event)
def timerEvent(self, event):
if event.timerId() == self.timer.timerId():
if self._is_waiting_after_line:
self._is_waiting_after_line = False
self.new_piece()
self.timer.start(self.timeout_time(), self)
else:
self.one_line_down()
else:
super(TetrixBoard, self).timerEvent(event)
def clear_board(self):
self.board = [
Piece.NoShape for _ in range(TetrixBoard.board_height * TetrixBoard.board_width)]
def drop_down(self):
drop_height = 0
new_y = self._cur_y
while new_y > 0:
if not self.try_move(self._cur_piece, self._cur_x, new_y - 1):
break
new_y -= 1
drop_height += 1
self.piece_dropped(drop_height)
def one_line_down(self):
if not self.try_move(self._cur_piece, self._cur_x, self._cur_y - 1):
self.piece_dropped(0)
def piece_dropped(self, dropHeight):
for i in range(4):
x = self._cur_x + self._cur_piece.x(i)
y = self._cur_y - self._cur_piece.y(i)
self.set_shape_at(x, y, self._cur_piece.shape())
self._num_pieces_dropped += 1
if self._num_pieces_dropped % 25 == 0:
self.level += 1
self.timer.start(self.timeout_time(), self)
self.level_changed.emit(self.level)
self.score += dropHeight + 7
self.score_changed.emit(self.score)
self.remove_full_lines()
if not self._is_waiting_after_line:
self.new_piece()
def remove_full_lines(self):
num_full_lines = 0
for i in range(TetrixBoard.board_height - 1, -1, -1):
line_is_full = True
for j in range(TetrixBoard.board_width):
if self.shape_at(j, i) == Piece.NoShape:
line_is_full = False
break
if line_is_full:
num_full_lines += 1
for k in range(i, TetrixBoard.board_height - 1):
for j in range(TetrixBoard.board_width):
self.set_shape_at(j, k, self.shape_at(j, k + 1))
for j in range(TetrixBoard.board_width):
self.set_shape_at(j, TetrixBoard.board_height - 1, Piece.NoShape)
if num_full_lines > 0:
self._num_lines_removed += num_full_lines
self.score += 10 * num_full_lines
self.lines_removed_changed.emit(self._num_lines_removed)
self.score_changed.emit(self.score)
self.timer.start(500, self)
self._is_waiting_after_line = True
self._cur_piece.set_shape(Piece.NoShape)
self.update()
def new_piece(self):
self._cur_piece = self._next_piece
self._next_piece.set_random_shape()
self.show_next_piece()
self._cur_x = TetrixBoard.board_width // 2 + 1
self._cur_y = TetrixBoard.board_height - 1 + self._cur_piece.min_y()
if not self.try_move(self._cur_piece, self._cur_x, self._cur_y):
self._cur_piece.set_shape(Piece.NoShape)
self.timer.stop()
self._is_started = False
def show_next_piece(self):
if self.nextPieceLabel is not None:
return
dx = self._next_piece.max_x() - self._next_piece.min_x() + 1
dy = self._next_piece.max_y() - self._next_piece.min_y() + 1
pixmap = QPixmap(dx * self.square_width(), dy * self.square_height())
with QPainter(pixmap) as painter:
painter.fillRect(pixmap.rect(), self.nextPieceLabel.palette().background())
for i in range(4):
x = self._next_piece.x(i) - self._next_piece.min_x()
y = self._next_piece.y(i) - self._next_piece.min_y()
self.draw_square(painter, x * self.square_width(),
y * self.square_height(), self._next_piece.shape())
self.nextPieceLabel.setPixmap(pixmap)
def try_move(self, newPiece, newX, newY):
for i in range(4):
x = newX + newPiece.x(i)
y = newY - newPiece.y(i)
if x < 0 or x >= TetrixBoard.board_width or y < 0 or y >= TetrixBoard.board_height:
return False
if self.shape_at(x, y) != Piece.NoShape:
return False
self._cur_piece = newPiece
self._cur_x = newX
self._cur_y = newY
self.update()
return True
def draw_square(self, painter, x, y, shape):
color_table = [0x000000, 0xCC6666, 0x66CC66, 0x6666CC,
0xCCCC66, 0xCC66CC, 0x66CCCC, 0xDAAA00]
color = QColor(color_table[shape])
painter.fillRect(x + 1, y + 1, self.square_width() - 2, self.square_height() - 2, color)
painter.setPen(color.lighter())
painter.drawLine(x, y + self.square_height() - 1, x, y)
painter.drawLine(x, y, x + self.square_width() - 1, y)
painter.setPen(color.darker())
painter.drawLine(x + 1, y + self.square_height() - 1,
x + self.square_width() - 1, y + self.square_height() - 1)
painter.drawLine(x + self.square_width() - 1,
y + self.square_height() - 1, x + self.square_width() - 1, y + 1)
class TetrixPiece(object):
coords_table = (
((0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0)),
((0, -1), (0, 0), (-1, 0), (-1, 1)),
((0, -1), (0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1)),
((0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2)),
((-1, 0), (0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1)),
((0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1)),
((-1, -1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1)),
((1, -1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1))
)
def __init__(self):
self.coords = [[0, 0] for _ in range(4)]
self._piece_shape = Piece.NoShape
self.set_shape(Piece.NoShape)
def shape(self):
return self._piece_shape
def set_shape(self, shape):
table = TetrixPiece.coords_table[shape]
for i in range(4):
for j in range(2):
self.coords[i][j] = table[i][j]
self._piece_shape = shape
def set_random_shape(self):
self.set_shape(random.randint(1, 7))
def x(self, index):
return self.coords[index][0]
def y(self, index):
return self.coords[index][1]
def set_x(self, index, x):
self.coords[index][0] = x
def set_y(self, index, y):
self.coords[index][1] = y
def min_x(self):
m = self.coords[0][0]
for i in range(4):
m = min(m, self.coords[i][0])
return m
def max_x(self):
m = self.coords[0][0]
for i in range(4):
m = max(m, self.coords[i][0])
return m
def min_y(self):
m = self.coords[0][1]
for i in range(4):
m = min(m, self.coords[i][1])
return m
def max_y(self):
m = self.coords[0][1]
for i in range(4):
m = max(m, self.coords[i][1])
return m
def rotated_left(self):
if self._piece_shape == Piece.SquareShape:
return self
result = TetrixPiece()
result._piece_shape = self._piece_shape
for i in range(4):
result.set_x(i, self.y(i))
result.set_y(i, -self.x(i))
return result
def rotated_right(self):
if self._piece_shape == Piece.SquareShape:
return self
result = TetrixPiece()
result._piece_shape = self._piece_shape
for i in range(4):
result.set_x(i, -self.y(i))
result.set_y(i, self.x(i))
return result
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
window = TetrixWindow()
window.show()
random.seed(None)
sys.exit(app.exec())