SCXML Traffic Light (Dynamic, Widgets)

A widget-based application that uses a dynamically loaded state machine to implement a traffic light.

Traffic Light demonstrates how to connect to the active properties of a state in a dynamically loaded state machine.

The UI is created using Qt Widgets.

Running the Example

To run the example from Qt Creator, open the Welcome mode and select the example from Examples. For more information, see Qt Creator: Tutorial: Build and run.

Dynamically Loading the State Machine

We link against the Qt SCXML module by adding the following lines to the example's build files.

To .pro when using qmake:

QT += widgets scxml

To CMakeLists.txt when using cmake:

find_package(Qt6 REQUIRED COMPONENTS Core Gui Scxml Widgets)

target_link_libraries(trafficlight-widgets-dynamic PRIVATE
    Qt6::Core
    Qt6::Gui
    Qt6::Scxml
    Qt6::Widgets
)

We dynamically create the state machine in trafficlight-widgets-dynamic.cpp:

#include "../trafficlight-common/trafficlight.h"

#include <QtWidgets/qapplication.h>
#include <QtCore/qiodevice.h>
#include <QtCore/qtextstream.h>

using namespace Qt::Literals::StringLiterals;

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    QApplication app(argc, argv);

    QScxmlStateMachine *machine = QScxmlStateMachine::fromFile(u":statemachine.scxml"_s);

    if (!machine->parseErrors().isEmpty()) {
        QTextStream errs(stderr, QIODevice::WriteOnly);
        const auto errors = machine->parseErrors();
        for (const QScxmlError &error : errors) {
            errs << error.toString();
        }
        return -1;
    }

And then instantiate it:

    TrafficLight widget(machine);
    widget.show();
    machine->setParent(&widget);
    machine->start();

    return app.exec();
}

Connecting to States

In the SCXML file, we specify states for each light: red, yellow, and green. In the <onentry> element, we specify the event to send when entering the state and the delay in seconds before sending the event. In the <transition> element, we specify the event that triggers the transition to the state specified by the target attribute:

        <state id="red">
            <onentry>
                <send event="startGoingGreen" delay="3s"/>
            </onentry>
            <transition event="startGoingGreen" target="redGoingGreen"/>
        </state>

        <state id="yellow" initial="greenGoingRed">
            <state id="redGoingGreen">
                <onentry>
                    <send event="goGreen" delay="1s"/>
                </onentry>
                <transition event="goGreen" target="green"/>
            </state>

            <state id="greenGoingRed">
                <onentry>
                    <send event="goRed" delay="1s"/>
                </onentry>
                <transition event="goRed" target="red"/>
            </state>
        </state>

        <state id="green">
            <onentry>
                <send event="startGoingRed" delay="3s"/>
            </onentry>
            <transition event="startGoingRed" target="greenGoingRed"/>
        </state>

We connect to the states as follows:

    machine->connectToState(u"red"_s, widget->redLight(), &LightWidget::switchLight);
    machine->connectToState(u"redGoingGreen"_s, widget->redLight(), &LightWidget::switchLight);
    machine->connectToState(u"yellow"_s, widget->yellowLight(), &LightWidget::switchLight);
    machine->connectToState(u"blinking"_s, widget->yellowLight(), &LightWidget::switchLight);
    machine->connectToState(u"green"_s, widget->greenLight(), &LightWidget::switchLight);

Example project @ code.qt.io

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