Qt WebEngine Platform Notes

Building Qt WebEngine from Source

Static builds are not supported.

The requirements for building Qt modules from source are listed separately for each supported platform:

• Qt for Windows - Building from Source
• Qt for X11 Requirements
• Qt for macOS - Building from Source

In addition, the following tools are required for building the Qt WebEngine module:

• All Platforms
• Windows
• Linux
• macOS

All Platforms

On all platforms, the following tools are required at build time:

• C++20 compiler support
• CMake version at least 3.19 or higher.
• 64-bit Nodejs 14.9 version or later.
• Python 3.8 version or later.
• Python3 html5lib module.
• GNU gperf binary.
• GNU bison binary.
• GNU flex binary.

Windows

On Windows, the following additional tools are required:

• Visual Studio 2019 or higher.
• Visual Studio compiler version at least 14.29 if compiled with Visual Studio 2019
• Visual Studio compiler version at least 14.36 if compiled with Visual Studio 2022
• Windows 11 SDK at least version 10.0.22621.0

Linux

On Linux, Clang or GCC version 9 or later is required.

Qt WebEngine requires pkg-config to detect most of its dependencies. The following pkg-config files are required:

• Fontconfig
• Dbus

If Qt was configured for xcb, the following pkg-config files are also required:

• x11
• libdrm
• xcomposite
• xcursor
• xrandr
• xi
• xproto
• xshmfence
• xtst
• xkbcommon
• xkbfile
• xcbdri3

macOS

On macOS, the following are required:

• macOS 10.14 or later
• Xcode 12.0 or later
• macOS 11 SDK or later

Using Earlier Qt Versions to Build Qt WebEngine

Building Qt WebEngine with earlier Qt versions (down to the last LTS version) is supported. It means that Qt WebEngine 6.4 can be built with Qt 6.2.x, Qt 6.3.x, and Qt 6.4.

To use an earlier Qt version to build Qt Webengine:

1. Download the qtwebengine sources.
2. From the earlier Qt version, run qmake && make (&& make install).

Mac App Store Compatibility

Applications using Qt WebEngine are not compatible with the Mac App Store, because:

• The Chromium part of the code uses several private API methods, which are prohibited by the App Store.
• Applications submitted to the App Store must be code-signed with the App Sandbox feature enabled. The App Sandbox feature interferes with Chromium's own sandbox initialization, which results in Chromium not being properly initialized. This also ties in with the private API usage. Furthermore, standalone Chromium itself is not officially tested with the App Sandbox enabled, and even if work is done to bypass the App Store's restrictions, that would not guarantee correct behavior of the library.

macOS Airplay Support on MacBooks with Dual GPUs

To make Qt WebEngine work correctly when streaming to an AppleTV from a MacBook that supports GPU switching, it is important to add the NSSupportsAutomaticGraphicsSwitching option to the application Info.plist file, with the value set to YES. Otherwise rendering issues might occur when creating new web engine view instances after Airplay is switched on or off.

Default QSurfaceFormat OpenGL Profile Support

If a new default QSurfaceFormat with a modified OpenGL profile has to be set, it should be set before the application instance is declared, to make sure that all created OpenGL contexts use the same OpenGL profile.

On macOS, if the default QSurfaceFormat is set after the application instance, the application will exit with qFatal(), and print a message that the default QSurfaceFormat should be set before the application instance.

Sandboxing Support

Qt WebEngine provides out-of-the-box sandboxing support for Chromium render processes.

On Linux, note the following restrictions:

• The kernel has to support the anonymous namespaces feature (kernel version 3.8 or later). However, on Debian, Ubuntu, and other Debian-derived distributions, this feature is off by default. It can be turned on by setting /proc/sys/kernel/unprivileged_userns_clone to 1.
• The kernel has to support the seccomp-bpf feature (kernel version 3.5 or later).
• Setuid sandboxes are not supported and are thus disabled.

To explicitly disable sandboxing, use one of the following options:

• Set the QTWEBENGINE_DISABLE_SANDBOX environment variable to 1.
• Pass the --no-sandbox command line argument to the user application executable.
• Set QTWEBENGINE_CHROMIUM_FLAGS to --no-sandbox.

For more information, see Using Command-Line Arguments.

Memory Requirements in Docker Environment

When running Qt Web Engine examples in a Docker container and browsing content-heavy sites, BUS errors (SIGBUS) might be reported. Typically, this is caused by Docker running a container with a too small memory space (such as 64MB). To fix this problem, increase the memory space size.

Accessibility and Performance

Qt WebEngine enables accessibility support for web pages when the following conditions are met:

• Qt Core is configured and built with accessibility support enabled.
• The QPA plugin is notified by the operating system that accessibility should be activated. This happens for example when using a screen reader application on Windows or VoiceOver on macOS.

On some old Linux configurations, accessibility can cause a significant slowdown on large HTML pages.

Because of that, Qt WebEngine accessibility support can be disabled on Linux, by setting the QTWEBENGINE_ENABLE_LINUX_ACCESSIBILITY environment variable to 0.

Popups in Fullscreen Applications on Windows

Because of a limitation in the Windows compositor, applications that show a fullscreen web engine view will not properly display popups or other top-level windows. The reason and workaround is described in Fullscreen OpenGL Based Windows.

Windows Application Manifest

A manifest is an XML file that is read when the program starts and informs Windows how to run the program. Some Qt WebEngine features may require adding a manifest file for the user application to work correctly on Windows.

The following snippets show the manifest file's structure and how to embed it into the program.

The manifest file defines which Windows versions the application supports. httpUserAgent needs this information to report the correct Windows version.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion="1.0">
<compatibility xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:compatibility.v1">
    <application>
    <!--The ID below indicates application support for Windows Vista -->
    <supportedOS Id="{e2011457-1546-43c5-a5fe-008deee3d3f0}"/>
    <!--The ID below indicates application support for Windows 7 -->
    <supportedOS Id="{35138b9a-5d96-4fbd-8e2d-a2440225f93a}"/>
    <!--The ID below indicates application support for Windows 8 -->
    <supportedOS Id="{4a2f28e3-53b9-4441-ba9c-d69d4a4a6e38}"/>
    <!--The ID below indicates application support for Windows 8.1 -->
    <supportedOS Id="{1f676c76-80e1-4239-95bb-83d0f6d0da78}"/>
    <!--The ID below indicates application support for Windows 10/11 -->
    <supportedOS Id="{8e0f7a12-bfb3-4fe8-b9a5-48fd50a15a9a}"/>
    </application>
</compatibility>
</assembly>

To embed the file into the executable, add it to the sources:

    ...
qt_add_executable(quicknanobrowser
    main.cpp
    utils.h
)

if(WIN32)
    set_property(
        TARGET quicknanobrowser
        APPEND PROPERTY
            SOURCES quicknanobrowser.exe.manifest)
endif()
    ...

For more information, see the Application manifest documentation page.