Back to Doc.qt.io
Contact Us Blog Download Qt

Popup QML Type

Base type of popup-like user interface controls. More...

Import Statement: import QtQuick.Controls
Inherits:

QtObject

Inherited By:

Dialog, Drawer, Menu, and ToolTip

Properties

Signals

Methods

Detailed Description

Popup is the base type of popup-like user interface controls. It can be used with Window or ApplicationWindow.

import QtQuick.Window 2.2
import QtQuick.Controls 2.12

ApplicationWindow {
    id: window
    width: 400
    height: 400
    visible: true

    Button {
        text: "Open"
        onClicked: popup.open()
    }

    Popup {
        id: popup
        x: 100
        y: 100
        width: 200
        height: 300
        modal: true
        focus: true
        closePolicy: Popup.CloseOnEscape | Popup.CloseOnPressOutsideParent
    }
}

In order to ensure that a popup is displayed above other items in the scene, it is recommended to use ApplicationWindow. ApplicationWindow also provides background dimming effects.

Popup does not provide a layout of its own, but requires you to position its contents, for instance by creating a RowLayout or a ColumnLayout.

Items declared as children of a Popup are automatically parented to the Popups's contentItem. Items created dynamically need to be explicitly parented to the contentItem.

The following diagram illustrates the layout of a popup within a window:

The implicitWidth and implicitHeight of a popup are typically based on the implicit sizes of the background and the content item plus any insets and paddings. These properties determine how large the popup will be when no explicit width or height is specified.

The geometry of the contentItem is determined by the padding. The following example reserves 10px padding between the boundaries of the popup and its content:

Popup {
    padding: 10

    contentItem: Text {
        text: "Content"
    }
}

The background item fills the entire width and height of the popup, unless insets or an explicit size have been given for it.

Negative insets can be used to make the background larger than the popup. The following example uses negative insets to place a shadow outside the popup's boundaries:

Popup {
    topInset: -2
    leftInset: -2
    rightInset: -6
    bottomInset: -6

    background: BorderImage {
        source: ":/images/shadowed-background.png"
    }
}

If only a single item is used within a Popup, it will resize to fit the implicit size of its contained item. This makes it particularly suitable for use together with layouts.

Popup {
    ColumnLayout {
        anchors.fill: parent
        CheckBox { text: qsTr("E-mail") }
        CheckBox { text: qsTr("Calendar") }
        CheckBox { text: qsTr("Contacts") }
    }
}

Sometimes there might be two items within the popup:

Popup {
    SwipeView {
        // ...
    }
    PageIndicator {
        anchors.horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter
        anchors.bottom: parent.bottom
    }
}

In this case, Popup cannot calculate a sensible implicit size. Since we're anchoring the PageIndicator over the SwipeView, we can simply set the content size to the view's implicit size:

Popup {
    contentWidth: view.implicitWidth
    contentHeight: view.implicitHeight

    SwipeView {
        id: view
        // ...
    }
    PageIndicator {
        anchors.horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter
        anchors.bottom: parent.bottom
    }
 }

Note: The popup's content item gets parented to the overlay, and does not live within the popup's parent. Because of that, a scale applied to the tree in which the popup lives does not apply to the visual popup. To make the popup of e.g. a ComboBox follow the scale of the combobox, apply the same scale to the overlay as well:

Window {
    property double scaleFactor: 2.0

    Scale {
        id: scale
        xScale: scaleFactor
        yScale: scaleFactor
    }
    Item {
        id: scaledContent
        transform: scale

        ComboBox {
            id: combobox
            // ...
        }
    }

    Overlay.overlay.transform: scale
}

Similar to items in Qt Quick, Popup's x and y coordinates are relative to its parent. This means that opening a popup that is a child of a Button, for example, will cause the popup to be positioned relative to the button.

The following example uses the attached Overlay.overlay property to position a popup in the center of the window, despite the position of the button that opens the popup:

Button {
    onClicked: popup.open()

    Popup {
        id: popup

        parent: Overlay.overlay

        x: Math.round((parent.width - width) / 2)
        y: Math.round((parent.height - height) / 2)
        width: 100
        height: 100
    }
}

Another way to center a popup in the window regardless of its parent item is to use anchors.centerIn:

ApplicationWindow {
    id: window
    // ...

    Pane {
        // ...

        Popup {
            anchors.centerIn: Overlay.overlay
        }
    }
}

To ensure that the popup is positioned within the bounds of the enclosing window, the margins property can be set to a non-negative value.

Since Qt 5.15.3 the following properties are restored to their original values from before the enter transition after the exit transition is completed.

This allows the built-in styles to animate on these properties without losing any explicitly defined value.

Back/Escape Event Handling

By default, a Popup will close if:

To prevent this from happening, either:

  • Don't give the popup focus.
  • Set the popup's closePolicy to a value that does not include Popup.CloseOnEscape.
  • Handle Keys' escapePressed signal in a child item of the popup so that it gets the event before the Popup.

Property Propagation

Popup inherits fonts, palettes and attached properties through its parent window, not its object or visual parent:

import QtQuick.Controls.Basic

ApplicationWindow {
    width: 500
    height: 500
    visible: true
    font.pixelSize: 20
    palette.windowText: "steelblue"

    // This will have a pixelSize of 20 and be "steelblue" in color.
    header: Label {
        text: "ApplicationWindow Label"
        leftPadding: 20
        topPadding: 20
    }

    Pane {
        width: 400
        height: 400
        anchors.centerIn: parent
        palette.window: "#edf3f8"
        palette.windowText: "tomato"

        // This will have a pixelSize of 20 and be "tomato" in color.
        Label {
            text: "Pane Label"
        }

        Popup {
            width: 300
            height: 300
            anchors.centerIn: parent
            font.pixelSize: 10
            visible: true

            // This will have a pixelSize of 10 and "steelblue" in color.
            Label {
                text: "Popup Label"
            }

            Popup {
                width: 200
                height: 200
                anchors.centerIn: parent
                visible: true

                // This will have a pixelSize of 20 and be "steelblue" in color.
                Label {
                    text: "Child Popup Label"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

In addition, popups do not propagate their properties to child popups. This behavior is modelled on Qt Widgets, where a Qt::Popup widget is a top-level window. Top-level windows do not propagate their properties to child windows.

Certain derived types like ComboBox are typically implemented in such a way that the popup is considered an integral part of the control, and as such, may inherit things like attached properties. For example, in the Material style ComboBox, the theme and other attached properties are explicitly inherited by the Popup from the ComboBox itself:

popup: T.Popup {
    // ...

    Material.theme: control.Material.theme
    Material.accent: control.Material.accent
    Material.primary: control.Material.primary
}

So, to ensure that a child popup has the same property values as its parent popup, explicitly set those properties:

Popup {
    id: parentPopup
    // ...

    Popup {
        palette: parentPopup.palette
    }
}

Polish Behavior of Closed Popups

When a popup is closed, it has no associated window, and neither do its child items. This means that any child items will not be polished until the popup is shown. For this reason, you cannot, for example, rely on a ListView within a closed Popup to update its count property:

import QtQuick
import QtQuick.Controls

ApplicationWindow {
    width: 640
    height: 480
    visible: true

    SomeModel {
        id: someModel
    }

    Button {
        text: view.count
        onClicked: popup.open()
    }

    Popup {
        id: popup
        width: 400
        height: 400
        contentItem: ListView {
            id: view
            model: someModel
            delegate: Label {
                text: display

                required property string display
            }
        }
    }
}

In the example above, the Button's text will not update when rows are added to or removed from someModel after component completion while the popup is closed.

Instead, a count property can be added to SomeModel that is updated whenever the rowsInserted, rowsRemoved, and modelReset signals are emitted. The Button can then bind this property to its text.

See also Popup Controls, Customizing Popup, and ApplicationWindow.

Property Documentation

[read-only] activeFocus : bool

This property holds whether the popup has active focus.

See also focus and Keyboard Focus in Qt Quick.


[since QtQuick.Controls 2.5 (Qt 5.12)] anchors.centerIn : Item

Anchors provide a way to position an item by specifying its relationship with other items.

A common use case is to center a popup within its parent. One way to do this is with the x and y properties. Anchors offer a more convenient approach:

Pane {
    // ...

    Popup {
        anchors.centerIn: parent
    }
}

It is also possible to center the popup in the window by using Overlay:

ApplicationWindow {
    id: window
    // ...

    Pane {
        // ...

        Popup {
            anchors.centerIn: Overlay.overlay
        }
    }
}

This makes it easy to center a popup in the window from any component.

Note: Popups can only be centered within their immediate parent or the window overlay; trying to center in other items will produce a warning.

This property was introduced in QtQuick.Controls 2.5 (Qt 5.12).

See also Popup Positioning, anchors, and Using Qt Quick Controls types in property declarations.


[read-only] availableHeight : real

This property holds the height available to the contentItem after deducting vertical padding from the height of the popup.

See also padding, topPadding, and bottomPadding.


[read-only] availableWidth : real

This property holds the width available to the contentItem after deducting horizontal padding from the width of the popup.

See also padding, leftPadding, and rightPadding.


background : Item

This property holds the background item.

Note: If the background item has no explicit size specified, it automatically follows the popup's size. In most cases, there is no need to specify width or height for a background item.

Note: Most popups use the implicit size of the background item to calculate the implicit size of the popup itself. If you replace the background item with a custom one, you should also consider providing a sensible implicit size for it (unless it is an item like Image which has its own implicit size).

See also Customizing Popup.


[since QtQuick.Controls 2.5 (Qt 5.12)] bottomInset : real

This property holds the bottom inset for the background.

This property was introduced in QtQuick.Controls 2.5 (Qt 5.12).

See also Popup Layout and topInset.


bottomMargin : real

This property holds the distance between the bottom edge of the popup and the bottom edge of its window.

A popup with a negative bottom margin is not pushed within the bottom edge of the enclosing window. The default value is -1.

See also margins, topMargin, and Popup Layout.


bottomPadding : real

This property holds the bottom padding. Unless explicitly set, the value is equal to verticalPadding.

The padding properties are used to control the geometry of the content item.

Popup uses the same approach to padding as Control. For a visual explanation of the padding system, see the Control Layout section of the documentation.

See also padding, topPadding, verticalPadding, and availableHeight.


clip : bool

This property holds whether clipping is enabled. The default value is false.


closePolicy : enumeration

This property determines the circumstances under which the popup closes. The flags can be combined to allow several ways of closing the popup.

The available values are:

ConstantDescription
Popup.NoAutoCloseThe popup will only close when manually instructed to do so.
Popup.CloseOnPressOutsideThe popup will close when the mouse is pressed outside of it.
Popup.CloseOnPressOutsideParentThe popup will close when the mouse is pressed outside of its parent.
Popup.CloseOnReleaseOutsideThe popup will close when the mouse is released outside of it.
Popup.CloseOnReleaseOutsideParentThe popup will close when the mouse is released outside of its parent.
Popup.CloseOnEscapeThe popup will close when the escape key is pressed while the popup has active focus.

The CloseOnPress* and CloseOnRelease* policies only apply for events outside of popups. That is, if there are two popups open and the first has Popup.CloseOnPressOutside as its policy, clicking on the second popup will not result in the first closing.

The default value is Popup.CloseOnEscape | Popup.CloseOnPressOutside.

Note: There is a known limitation that the Popup.CloseOnReleaseOutside and Popup.CloseOnReleaseOutsideParent policies only work with modal popups.


contentChildren : list<Item>

This property holds the list of content children.

The list contains all items that have been declared in QML as children of the popup.

Note: Unlike contentData, contentChildren does not include non-visual QML objects.

See also Item::children and contentData.


[default] contentData : list<QtObject>

This property holds the list of content data.

The list contains all objects that have been declared in QML as children of the popup.

Note: Unlike contentChildren, contentData does include non-visual QML objects.

See also Item::data and contentChildren.


contentHeight : real

This property holds the content height. It is used for calculating the total implicit height of the Popup.

For more information, see Popup Sizing.

See also contentWidth.


contentItem : Item

This property holds the content item of the popup.

The content item is the visual implementation of the popup. When the popup is made visible, the content item is automatically reparented to the overlay item.

Note: The content item is automatically resized to fit within the padding of the popup.

Note: Most popups use the implicit size of the content item to calculate the implicit size of the popup itself. If you replace the content item with a custom one, you should also consider providing a sensible implicit size for it (unless it is an item like Text which has its own implicit size).

See also Customizing Popup.


contentWidth : real

This property holds the content width. It is used for calculating the total implicit width of the Popup.

For more information, see Popup Sizing.

See also contentHeight.


dim : bool

This property holds whether the popup dims the background.

Unless explicitly set, this property follows the value of modal. To return to the default value, set this property to undefined.

See also modal and Overlay.modeless.


[since QtQuick.Controls 2.3 (Qt 5.10)] enabled : bool

This property holds whether the popup is enabled. The default value is true.

This property was introduced in QtQuick.Controls 2.3 (Qt 5.10).

See also visible and Item::enabled.


enter : Transition

This property holds the transition that is applied to the popup item when the popup is opened and enters the screen.

The following example animates the opacity of the popup when it enters the screen:

Popup {
    enter: Transition {
        NumberAnimation { property: "opacity"; from: 0.0; to: 1.0 }
    }
}

See also exit.


exit : Transition

This property holds the transition that is applied to the popup item when the popup is closed and exits the screen.

The following example animates the opacity of the popup when it exits the screen:

Popup {
    exit: Transition {
        NumberAnimation { property: "opacity"; from: 1.0; to: 0.0 }
    }
}

See also enter.


focus : bool

This property holds whether the popup wants focus.

When the popup actually receives focus, activeFocus will be true. For more information, see Keyboard Focus in Qt Quick.

The default value is false.

See also activeFocus.


font : font

This property holds the font currently set for the popup.

Popup propagates explicit font properties to its children. If you change a specific property on a popup's font, that property propagates to all of the popup's children, overriding any system defaults for that property.

Popup {
    font.family: "Courier"

    Column {
        Label {
            text: qsTr("This will use Courier...")
        }

        Switch {
            text: qsTr("... and so will this")
        }
    }
}

See also Control::font and ApplicationWindow::font.


height : real

This property holds the height of the popup.


[since QtQuick.Controls 2.5 (Qt 5.12)] horizontalPadding : real

This property holds the horizontal padding. Unless explicitly set, the value is equal to padding.

The padding properties are used to control the geometry of the content item.

Popup uses the same approach to padding as Control. For a visual explanation of the padding system, see the Control Layout section of the documentation.

This property was introduced in QtQuick.Controls 2.5 (Qt 5.12).

See also padding, leftPadding, rightPadding, and verticalPadding.


[read-only, since QtQuick.Controls 2.5 (Qt 5.12)] implicitBackgroundHeight : real

This property holds the implicit background height.

The value is equal to background ? background.implicitHeight : 0.

This property was introduced in QtQuick.Controls 2.5 (Qt 5.12).

See also implicitBackgroundWidth and implicitContentHeight.


[read-only, since QtQuick.Controls 2.5 (Qt 5.12)] implicitBackgroundWidth : real

This property holds the implicit background width.

The value is equal to background ? background.implicitWidth : 0.

This property was introduced in QtQuick.Controls 2.5 (Qt 5.12).

See also implicitBackgroundHeight and implicitContentWidth.


[read-only, since QtQuick.Controls 2.5 (Qt 5.12)] implicitContentHeight : real

This property holds the implicit content height.

The value is calculated based on the content children.

This property was introduced in QtQuick.Controls 2.5 (Qt 5.12).

See also implicitContentWidth and implicitBackgroundHeight.


[read-only, since QtQuick.Controls 2.5 (Qt 5.12)] implicitContentWidth : real

This property holds the implicit content width.

The value is calculated based on the content children.

This property was introduced in QtQuick.Controls 2.5 (Qt 5.12).

See also implicitContentHeight and implicitBackgroundWidth.


implicitHeight : real

This property holds the implicit height of the popup.


implicitWidth : real

This property holds the implicit width of the popup.


[since QtQuick.Controls 2.5 (Qt 5.12)] leftInset : real

This property holds the left inset for the background.

This property was introduced in QtQuick.Controls 2.5 (Qt 5.12).

See also Popup Layout and rightInset.


leftMargin : real

This property holds the distance between the left edge of the popup and the left edge of its window.

A popup with a negative left margin is not pushed within the left edge of the enclosing window. The default value is -1.

See also margins, rightMargin, and Popup Layout.


leftPadding : real

This property holds the left padding. Unless explicitly set, the value is equal to horizontalPadding.

The padding properties are used to control the geometry of the content item.

Popup uses the same approach to padding as Control. For a visual explanation of the padding system, see the Control Layout section of the documentation.

See also padding, rightPadding, horizontalPadding, and availableWidth.


locale : Locale

This property holds the locale of the popup.

See also mirrored and LayoutMirroring.


margins : real

This property holds the distance between the edges of the popup and the edges of its window.

A popup with negative margins is not pushed within the bounds of the enclosing window. The default value is -1.

See also topMargin, leftMargin, rightMargin, bottomMargin, and Popup Layout.


[read-only, since QtQuick.Controls 2.3 (Qt 5.10)] mirrored : bool

This property holds whether the popup is mirrored.

This property is provided for convenience. A popup is considered mirrored when its visual layout direction is right-to-left; that is, when using a right-to-left locale.

This property was introduced in QtQuick.Controls 2.3 (Qt 5.10).

See also locale and Right-to-left User Interfaces.


This property holds whether the popup is modal.

Modal popups often have a distinctive background dimming effect defined in Overlay.modal, and do not allow press or release events through to items beneath them. For example, if the user accidentally clicks outside of a popup, any item beneath that popup at the location of the click will not receive the event.

On desktop platforms, it is common for modal popups to be closed only when the escape key is pressed. To achieve this behavior, set closePolicy to Popup.CloseOnEscape. By default, closePolicy is set to Popup.CloseOnEscape | Popup.CloseOnPressOutside, which means that clicking outside of a modal popup will close it.

The default value is false.

See also dim.


opacity : real

This property holds the opacity of the popup. Opacity is specified as a number between 0.0 (fully transparent) and 1.0 (fully opaque). The default value is 1.0.

See also visible.


[since QtQuick.Controls 2.3 (Qt 5.10)] opened : bool

This property holds whether the popup is fully open. The popup is considered opened when it's visible and neither the enter nor exit transitions are running.

This property was introduced in QtQuick.Controls 2.3 (Qt 5.10).

See also open(), close(), and visible.


padding : real

This property holds the default padding.

The padding properties are used to control the geometry of the content item.

Popup uses the same approach to padding as Control. For a visual explanation of the padding system, see the Control Layout section of the documentation.

See also availableWidth, availableHeight, topPadding, leftPadding, rightPadding, and bottomPadding.


[since QtQuick.Controls 2.3 (Qt 5.10)] palette : palette

This property holds the palette currently set for the popup.

Popup propagates explicit palette properties to its children. If you change a specific property on a popup's palette, that property propagates to all of the popup's children, overriding any system defaults for that property.

Popup {
    palette.text: "red"

    Column {
        Label {
            text: qsTr("This will use red color...")
        }

        Switch {
            text: qsTr("... and so will this")
        }
    }
}

See also: Item::palette, Window::palette, ColorGroup, Palette

This property was introduced in QtQuick.Controls 2.3 (Qt 5.10).


parent : Item

This property holds the parent item.


[since QtQuick.Controls 2.5 (Qt 5.12)] rightInset : real

This property holds the right inset for the background.

This property was introduced in QtQuick.Controls 2.5 (Qt 5.12).

See also Popup Layout and leftInset.


rightMargin : real

This property holds the distance between the right edge of the popup and the right edge of its window.

A popup with a negative right margin is not pushed within the right edge of the enclosing window. The default value is -1.

See also margins, leftMargin, and Popup Layout.


rightPadding : real

This property holds the right padding. Unless explicitly set, the value is equal to horizontalPadding.

The padding properties are used to control the geometry of the content item.

Popup uses the same approach to padding as Control. For a visual explanation of the padding system, see the Control Layout section of the documentation.

See also padding, leftPadding, horizontalPadding, and availableWidth.


scale : real

This property holds the scale factor of the popup. The default value is 1.0.

A scale of less than 1.0 causes the popup to be rendered at a smaller size, and a scale greater than 1.0 renders the popup at a larger size. Negative scales are not supported.


[since QtQuick.Controls 2.1 (Qt 5.8)] spacing : real

This property holds the spacing.

Spacing is useful for popups that have multiple or repetitive building blocks. For example, some styles use spacing to determine the distance between the header, content, and footer of Dialog. Spacing is not enforced by Popup, so each style may interpret it differently, and some may ignore it altogether.

This property was introduced in QtQuick.Controls 2.1 (Qt 5.8).


[since QtQuick.Controls 2.5 (Qt 5.12)] topInset : real

This property holds the top inset for the background.

This property was introduced in QtQuick.Controls 2.5 (Qt 5.12).

See also Popup Layout and bottomInset.


topMargin : real

This property holds the distance between the top edge of the popup and the top edge of its window.

A popup with a negative top margin is not pushed within the top edge of the enclosing window. The default value is -1.

See also margins, bottomMargin, and Popup Layout.


topPadding : real

This property holds the top padding. Unless explicitly set, the value is equal to verticalPadding.

The padding properties are used to control the geometry of the content item.

Popup uses the same approach to padding as Control. For a visual explanation of the padding system, see the Control Layout section of the documentation.

See also padding, bottomPadding, verticalPadding, and availableHeight.


transformOrigin : enumeration

This property holds the origin point for transformations in enter and exit transitions.

Nine transform origins are available, as shown in the image below. The default transform origin is Popup.Center.

See also enter, exit, and Item::transformOrigin.


[since QtQuick.Controls 2.5 (Qt 5.12)] verticalPadding : real

This property holds the vertical padding. Unless explicitly set, the value is equal to padding.

The padding properties are used to control the geometry of the content item.

Popup uses the same approach to padding as Control. For a visual explanation of the padding system, see the Control Layout section of the documentation.

This property was introduced in QtQuick.Controls 2.5 (Qt 5.12).

See also padding, topPadding, bottomPadding, and horizontalPadding.


visible : bool

This property holds whether the popup is visible. The default value is false.

See also open(), close(), and opened.


width : real

This property holds the width of the popup.


x : real

This property holds the x-coordinate of the popup.

See also y and z.


y : real

This property holds the y-coordinate of the popup.

See also x and z.


z : real

This property holds the z-value of the popup. Z-value determines the stacking order of popups.

If two visible popups have the same z-value, the last one that was opened will be on top.

If a popup has no explicitly set z-value when opened, and is a child of an already open popup, then it will be stacked on top of its parent. This ensures that children are never hidden under their parents.

The default z-value is 0.

See also x and y.


Signal Documentation

void aboutToHide()

This signal is emitted when the popup is about to hide.

Note: The corresponding handler is onAboutToHide.

See also closed().


void aboutToShow()

This signal is emitted when the popup is about to show.

Note: The corresponding handler is onAboutToShow.

See also opened().


void closed()

This signal is emitted when the popup is closed.

Note: The corresponding handler is onClosed.

See also aboutToHide().


void opened()

This signal is emitted when the popup is opened.

Note: The corresponding handler is onOpened.

See also aboutToShow().


Method Documentation

void close()

Closes the popup.

See also visible.


forceActiveFocus(enumeration reason = Qt.OtherFocusReason)

Forces active focus on the popup with the given reason.

This method sets focus on the popup and ensures that all ancestor FocusScope objects in the object hierarchy are also given focus.

See also activeFocus and Qt::FocusReason.


void open()

Opens the popup.

See also visible.


© 2024 The Qt Company Ltd. Documentation contributions included herein are the copyrights of their respective owners. The documentation provided herein is licensed under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License version 1.3 as published by the Free Software Foundation. Qt and respective logos are trademarks of The Qt Company Ltd. in Finland and/or other countries worldwide. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.