Extending QML - Using List Property Types

This is the fifth of a series of 6 examples forming a tutorial about extending QML with Python.

Right now, a PieChart can only have one PieSlice. Ideally a chart would have multiple slices, with different colors and sizes. To do this, we could have a slices property that accepts a list of PieSlice items:

import Charts
import QtQuick

Item {
    width: 300; height: 200

    PieChart {
        anchors.centerIn: parent
        width: 100; height: 100

        slices: [
            PieSlice {
                anchors.fill: parent
                color: "red"
                fromAngle: 0; angleSpan: 110
            },
            PieSlice {
                anchors.fill: parent
                color: "black"
                fromAngle: 110; angleSpan: 50
            },
            PieSlice {
                anchors.fill: parent
                color: "blue"
                fromAngle: 160; angleSpan: 100
            }
        ]
    }
}

To do this, we replace the pieSlice property in PieChart with a slices property, declared as a class variable of the ListProperty type. The ListProperty class enables the creation of list properties in QML extensions. We replace the pieSlice() function with a slices() function that returns a list of slices, and add an internal appendSlice() function (discussed below). We also use a list to store the internal list of slices as _slices:

@QmlElement
class PieChart (QQuickItem):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        QQuickItem.__init__(self, parent)

        self._name = value

    def appendSlice(self, _slice):
        _slice.setParentItem(self)
        self._slices.append(_slice)

Although the slices property does not have an associated setter, it is still modifiable because of the way ListProperty works. We indicate that the internal PieChart.appendSlice() function is to be called whenever a request is made from QML to add items to the list.

The appendSlice() function simply sets the parent item as before, and adds the new item to the _slices list. As you can see, the append function for a ListProperty is called with two arguments: the list property, and the item that is to be appended.

The PieSlice class has also been modified to include fromAngle and angleSpan properties and to draw the slice according to these values. This is a straightforward modification if you have read the previous pages in this tutorial, so the code is not shown here.

Download this example

app.qml

// Copyright (C) 2016 The Qt Company Ltd.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR BSD-3-Clause

import Charts
import QtQuick

Item {
    width: 300; height: 200

    PieChart {
        anchors.centerIn: parent
        width: 100; height: 100

        slices: [
            PieSlice {
                anchors.fill: parent
                color: "red"
                fromAngle: 0; angleSpan: 110
            },
            PieSlice {
                anchors.fill: parent
                color: "black"
                fromAngle: 110; angleSpan: 50
            },
            PieSlice {
                anchors.fill: parent
                color: "blue"
                fromAngle: 160; angleSpan: 100
            }
        ]
    }
}

listproperties.py

# Copyright (C) 2022 The Qt Company Ltd.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR BSD-3-Clause
from __future__ import annotations

"""PySide6 port of the qml/tutorials/extending-qml/chapter5-listproperties example from Qt v5.x"""

import os
from pathlib import Path
import sys

from PySide6.QtCore import Property, QUrl
from PySide6.QtGui import QGuiApplication, QPen, QPainter, QColor
from PySide6.QtQml import QmlElement, ListProperty
from PySide6.QtQuick import QQuickPaintedItem, QQuickView, QQuickItem

# To be used on the @QmlElement decorator
# (QML_IMPORT_MINOR_VERSION is optional)
QML_IMPORT_NAME = "Charts"
QML_IMPORT_MAJOR_VERSION = 1


@QmlElement
class PieSlice (QQuickPaintedItem):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        QQuickPaintedItem.__init__(self, parent)
        self._color = QColor()
        self._fromAngle = 0
        self._angleSpan = 0

    @Property(QColor, final=True)
    def color(self):
        return self._color

    @color.setter
    def color(self, value):
        self._color = value

    @Property(int, final=True)
    def fromAngle(self):
        return self._angle

    @fromAngle.setter
    def fromAngle(self, value):
        self._fromAngle = value

    @Property(int, final=True)
    def angleSpan(self):
        return self._angleSpan

    @angleSpan.setter
    def angleSpan(self, value):
        self._angleSpan = value

    def paint(self, painter):
        pen = QPen(self._color, 2)
        painter.setPen(pen)
        painter.setRenderHints(QPainter.RenderHint.Antialiasing, True)
        painter.drawPie(
            self.boundingRect().adjusted(1, 1, -1, -1), self._fromAngle * 16, self._angleSpan * 16)


@QmlElement
class PieChart (QQuickItem):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        QQuickItem.__init__(self, parent)
        self._name = u''
        self._slices = []

    @Property(str, final=True)
    def name(self):
        return self._name

    @name.setter
    def name(self, value):
        self._name = value

    def appendSlice(self, _slice):
        _slice.setParentItem(self)
        self._slices.append(_slice)

    slices = ListProperty(PieSlice, appendSlice, final=True)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QGuiApplication(sys.argv)

    view = QQuickView()
    view.setResizeMode(QQuickView.SizeRootObjectToView)
    qml_file = os.fspath(Path(__file__).resolve().parent / 'app.qml')
    view.setSource(QUrl.fromLocalFile(qml_file))
    if view.status() == QQuickView.Status.Error:
        sys.exit(-1)
    view.show()
    res = app.exec()
    # Deleting the view before it goes out of scope is required to make sure all child QML instances
    # are destroyed in the correct order.
    del view
    sys.exit(res)