Threaded QOpenGLWidget Example#

The threaded QOpenGLWidget example demonstrates OpenGL rendering in separate threads.

Threaded QOpenGLWidget Example Screenshot

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# Copyright (C) 2022 The Qt Company Ltd.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR BSD-3-Clause

"""PySide6 port of the Threaded QOpenGLWidget Example from Qt v6.x"""

import sys

from argparse import ArgumentParser, RawTextHelpFormatter

from PySide6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMessageBox
from PySide6.QtGui import QShortcut, QSurfaceFormat
from PySide6.QtCore import QCoreApplication, QPoint, qVersion, Qt

try:
    from OpenGL import GL
except ImportError:
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    message = "PyOpenGL must be installed to run this example."
    message_box = QMessageBox(QMessageBox.Critical,
                              "Threaded QOpenGLWidget Example",
                              message, QMessageBox.Close)
    detail = "Run:\npip install PyOpenGL PyOpenGL_accelerate"
    message_box.setDetailedText(detail)
    message_box.exec()
    sys.exit(1)

from glwidget import GLWidget
from mainwindow import MainWindow


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)

    desc = "Qt Threaded QOpenGLWidget Example"
    parser = ArgumentParser(description=desc,
                            formatter_class=RawTextHelpFormatter)
    parser.add_argument("--single", "-s", action="store_true",
                        help="Single thread")
    options = parser.parse_args()

    QCoreApplication.setApplicationName(desc)
    QCoreApplication.setOrganizationName("QtProject")
    QCoreApplication.setApplicationVersion(qVersion())

    format = QSurfaceFormat()
    format.setDepthBufferSize(16)
    QSurfaceFormat.setDefaultFormat(format)

    # Two top-level windows with two QOpenGLWidget children in each. The
    # rendering for the four QOpenGLWidgets happens on four separate threads.

    top_gl_widget = GLWidget()
    pos = top_gl_widget.screen().availableGeometry().topLeft()
    pos += QPoint(200, 200)
    top_gl_widget.setWindowTitle(desc + " top level")
    top_gl_widget.move(pos)
    top_gl_widget.show()

    functions = top_gl_widget.context().functions()
    vendor = functions.glGetString(GL.GL_VENDOR)
    renderer = functions.glGetString(GL.GL_RENDERER)
    gl_info = f"{vendor}/f{renderer}"

    supports_threading = ("nouveau" not in gl_info and "ANGLE" not in gl_info
                          and "llvmpipe" not in gl_info)
    tool_tip = gl_info
    if not supports_threading:
        tool_tip += "\ndoes not support threaded OpenGL."
    top_gl_widget.setToolTip(tool_tip)
    print(tool_tip)

    close_shortcut = QShortcut(Qt.CTRL | Qt.Key_Q, top_gl_widget)
    close_shortcut.activated.connect(QApplication.closeAllWindows)
    close_shortcut.setContext(Qt.ApplicationShortcut)

    mw1 = None
    mw2 = None

    if not options.single and supports_threading:
        pos += QPoint(100, 100)
        mw1 = MainWindow()
        mw1.setToolTip(tool_tip)
        mw1.move(pos)
        mw1.setWindowTitle(f"{desc} #1")
        mw1.show()
        pos += QPoint(100, 100)
        mw2 = MainWindow()
        mw2.setToolTip(tool_tip)
        mw2.move(pos)
        mw2.setWindowTitle(f"{desc} #2")
        mw2.show()

    sys.exit(app.exec())
# Copyright (C) 2022 The Qt Company Ltd.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR BSD-3-Clause


from PySide6.QtOpenGLWidgets import QOpenGLWidget
from PySide6.QtCore import QMutexLocker, QSize, QThread, Slot, Signal

from renderer import Renderer


class GLWidget(QOpenGLWidget):

    render_requested = Signal()

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent)

        self.aboutToCompose.connect(self.on_about_to_compose)
        self.frameSwapped.connect(self.on_frame_swapped)
        self.aboutToResize.connect(self.on_about_to_resize)
        self.resized.connect(self.on_resized)

        self._thread = QThread()
        self._renderer = Renderer(self)
        self._renderer.moveToThread(self._thread)
        self._thread.finished.connect(self._renderer.deleteLater)

        self.render_requested.connect(self._renderer.render)
        self._renderer.context_wanted.connect(self.grab_context)

        self._thread.start()

    def stop_rendering(self):
        self._renderer.prepare_exit()
        self._thread.quit()
        self._thread.wait()
        self._thread = None
        self._renderer = None

    def closeEvent(self, event):
        self.stop_rendering()
        event.accept()

    def paintEvent(self, event):
        pass

    def sizeHint(self):
        return QSize(200, 200)

    @Slot()
    def on_about_to_compose(self):
        # We are on the gui thread here. Composition is about to
        # begin. Wait until the render thread finishes.
        self._renderer.lock_renderer()

    @Slot()
    def on_frame_swapped(self):
        self._renderer.unlock_renderer()
        # Assuming a blocking swap, our animation is driven purely by the
        # vsync in self example.
        self.render_requested.emit()

    @Slot()
    def on_about_to_resize(self):
        self._renderer.lock_renderer()

    @Slot()
    def on_resized(self):
        self._renderer.unlock_renderer()

    @Slot()
    def grab_context(self):
        if not self._renderer:
            return
        self._renderer.lock_renderer()
        with QMutexLocker(self._renderer.grab_mutex()):
            self.context().moveToThread(self._thread)
            self._renderer.grab_condition().wakeAll()
            self._renderer.unlock_renderer()
# Copyright (C) 2022 The Qt Company Ltd.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR BSD-3-Clause

from PySide6.QtWidgets import QWidget, QHBoxLayout

from glwidget import GLWidget


class MainWindow(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        layout = QHBoxLayout(self)
        layout.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
        layout.setSpacing(0)
        self._glwidget1 = GLWidget(self)
        layout.addWidget(self._glwidget1)
        self._glwidget2 = GLWidget(self)
        layout.addWidget(self._glwidget2)

    def closeEvent(self, event):
        self._glwidget1.stop_rendering()
        self._glwidget2.stop_rendering()
        event.accept()
# Copyright (C) 2022 The Qt Company Ltd.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR BSD-3-Clause

import ctypes
import math
import numpy

from OpenGL import GL

from PySide6.QtOpenGL import QOpenGLShader, QOpenGLShaderProgram, QOpenGLBuffer
from PySide6.QtGui import (QGuiApplication, QOpenGLFunctions, QVector3D,
                           QMatrix4x4)
from PySide6.QtCore import (QElapsedTimer, QObject, QMetaObject, QMutex,
                            QMutexLocker, QThread, QWaitCondition, Signal, Slot)

# Some OpenGL implementations have serious issues with compiling and linking
# shaders on multiple threads concurrently. Avoid self.
init_mutex = QMutex()


VERTEX_SHADER = """attribute highp vec4 vertex;
attribute mediump vec3 normal;
uniform mediump mat4 matrix;
varying mediump vec4 color;
void main(void)
{
    vec3 toLight = normalize(vec3(0.0, 0.3, 1.0));
    float angle = max(dot(normal, toLight), 0.0);
    vec3 col = vec3(0.40, 1.0, 0.0);
    color = vec4(col * 0.2 + col * 0.8 * angle, 1.0);
    color = clamp(color, 0.0, 1.0);
    gl_Position = matrix * vertex;
}
"""


FRAGMENT_SHADER = """varying mediump vec4 color;
void main(void)
{
    gl_FragColor = color;
}
"""


class Renderer(QObject, QOpenGLFunctions):

    context_wanted = Signal()

    def __init__(self, widget):
        QObject.__init__(self)
        QOpenGLFunctions.__init__(self)
        self._glwidget = widget
        self._inited = False
        self._fAngle = 0
        self._fScale = 1

        self._vertices = []
        self._normals = []
        self._program = QOpenGLShaderProgram()
        self._vbo = QOpenGLBuffer()
        self._vertex_attr = 0
        self._normal_attr = 0
        self._matrix_uniform = 0
        self._renderMutex = QMutex()
        self._elapsed = QElapsedTimer()
        self._grabMutex = QMutex()
        self._grab_condition = QWaitCondition()
        self._exiting = False

    def lock_renderer(self):
        self._renderMutex.lock()

    def unlock_renderer(self):
        self._renderMutex.unlock()

    def grab_mutex(self):
        return self._grabMutex

    def grab_condition(self):
        return self._grab_condition

    def prepare_exit(self):
        self._exiting = True
        self._grab_condition.wakeAll()

    def paint_Qt_logo(self):
        self._vbo.bind()
        self._program.setAttributeBuffer(self._vertex_attr, GL.GL_FLOAT, 0, 3)
        size = len(self._vertices) * 3 * ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.c_float)
        self._program.setAttributeBuffer(self._normal_attr, GL.GL_FLOAT, size, 3)
        self._vbo.release()

        self._program.enableAttributeArray(self._vertex_attr)
        self._program.enableAttributeArray(self._normal_attr)

        self.glDrawArrays(GL.GL_TRIANGLES, 0, len(self._vertices))

        self._program.disableAttributeArray(self._normal_attr)
        self._program.disableAttributeArray(self._vertex_attr)

    @Slot()
    def render(self):
        global init_mutex

        if self._exiting:
            return

        ctx = self._glwidget.context()
        if not ctx:  # QOpenGLWidget not yet initialized
            return

        # Grab the context.
        self._grabMutex.lock()
        self.context_wanted.emit()
        self._grab_condition.wait(self._grabMutex)

        with QMutexLocker(self._renderMutex):
            self._grabMutex.unlock()

            if self._exiting:
                return

            assert(ctx.thread() == QThread.currentThread())

            # Make the context (and an offscreen surface) current for self thread.
            # The QOpenGLWidget's fbo is bound in the context.
            self._glwidget.makeCurrent()

            if not self._inited:
                self._inited = True
                self.initializeOpenGLFunctions()
                with QMutexLocker(init_mutex):
                    self._init_gl()
                self._elapsed.start()

            self._render_next()

            # Make no context current on self thread and move the
            # QOpenGLWidget'scontext back to the gui thread.
            self._glwidget.doneCurrent()
            ctx.moveToThread(QGuiApplication.instance().thread())

            # Schedule composition. Note that self will use QueuedConnection,
            # meaning that update() will be invoked on the gui thread.
            QMetaObject.invokeMethod(self._glwidget, "update")

    def _init_gl(self):
        vshader = QOpenGLShader(QOpenGLShader.Vertex, self)
        vshader.compileSourceCode(VERTEX_SHADER)

        fshader = QOpenGLShader(QOpenGLShader.Fragment, self)
        fshader.compileSourceCode(FRAGMENT_SHADER)

        self._program.addShader(vshader)
        self._program.addShader(fshader)
        self._program.link()

        self._vertex_attr = self._program.attributeLocation("vertex")
        self._normal_attr = self._program.attributeLocation("normal")
        self._matrix_uniform = self._program.uniformLocation("matrix")

        self._fAngle = 0
        self._fScale = 1
        self.create_geometry()

        self._vbo.create()
        self._vbo.bind()

        data_count = len(self._vertices) * 2 * 3
        data = numpy.empty(data_count, dtype=ctypes.c_float)
        i = 0
        for v in self._vertices:
            data[i] = v.x()
            i += 1
            data[i] = v.y()
            i += 1
            data[i] = v.z()
            i += 1
        for n in self._normals:
            data[i] = n.x()
            i += 1
            data[i] = n.y()
            i += 1
            data[i] = n.z()
            i += 1

        vertices_size = data_count * ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.c_float)
        self._vbo.allocate(data.tobytes(), vertices_size)

    def _render_next(self):
        self.glClearColor(0.1, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0)
        self.glClear(GL.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)

        self.glFrontFace(GL.GL_CW)
        self.glCullFace(GL.GL_FRONT)
        self.glEnable(GL.GL_CULL_FACE)
        self.glEnable(GL.GL_DEPTH_TEST)

        modelview = QMatrix4x4()
        modelview.rotate(self._fAngle, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
        modelview.rotate(self._fAngle, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
        modelview.rotate(self._fAngle, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
        modelview.scale(self._fScale)
        modelview.translate(0.0, -0.2, 0.0)

        self._program.bind()
        self._program.setUniformValue(self._matrix_uniform, modelview)
        self.paint_Qt_logo()
        self._program.release()

        self.glDisable(GL.GL_DEPTH_TEST)
        self.glDisable(GL.GL_CULL_FACE)

        self._fAngle += 1.0

    def create_geometry(self):
        self._vertices = []
        self._normals = []

        x1 = +0.06
        y1 = -0.14
        x2 = +0.14
        y2 = -0.06
        x3 = +0.08
        y3 = +0.00
        x4 = +0.30
        y4 = +0.22

        self.quad(x1, y1, x2, y2, y2, x2, y1, x1)
        self.quad(x3, y3, x4, y4, y4, x4, y3, x3)

        self.extrude(x1, y1, x2, y2)
        self.extrude(x2, y2, y2, x2)
        self.extrude(y2, x2, y1, x1)
        self.extrude(y1, x1, x1, y1)
        self.extrude(x3, y3, x4, y4)
        self.extrude(x4, y4, y4, x4)
        self.extrude(y4, x4, y3, x3)

        NUM_SECTORS = 100
        SECTOR_ANGLE = 2 * math.pi / NUM_SECTORS

        for i in range(NUM_SECTORS):
            angle = i * SECTOR_ANGLE
            sin_angle = math.sin(angle)
            cos_angle = math.cos(angle)
            x5 = 0.30 * sin_angle
            y5 = 0.30 * cos_angle
            x6 = 0.20 * sin_angle
            y6 = 0.20 * cos_angle

            angle += SECTOR_ANGLE
            sin_angle = math.sin(angle)
            cos_angle = math.cos(angle)
            x7 = 0.20 * sin_angle
            y7 = 0.20 * cos_angle
            x8 = 0.30 * sin_angle
            y8 = 0.30 * cos_angle

            self.quad(x5, y5, x6, y6, x7, y7, x8, y8)

            self.extrude(x6, y6, x7, y7)
            self.extrude(x8, y8, x5, y5)

        for i in range(len(self._vertices)):
            self._vertices[i] *= 2.0

    def quad(self, x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4):

        self._vertices.append(QVector3D(x1, y1, -0.05))
        self._vertices.append(QVector3D(x2, y2, -0.05))
        self._vertices.append(QVector3D(x4, y4, -0.05))

        self._vertices.append(QVector3D(x3, y3, -0.05))
        self._vertices.append(QVector3D(x4, y4, -0.05))
        self._vertices.append(QVector3D(x2, y2, -0.05))

        n = QVector3D.normal(QVector3D(x2 - x1, y2 - y1, 0.0),
                             QVector3D(x4 - x1, y4 - y1, 0.0))

        self._normals.append(n)
        self._normals.append(n)
        self._normals.append(n)

        self._normals.append(n)
        self._normals.append(n)
        self._normals.append(n)

        self._vertices.append(QVector3D(x4, y4, 0.05))
        self._vertices.append(QVector3D(x2, y2, 0.05))
        self._vertices.append(QVector3D(x1, y1, 0.05))

        self._vertices.append(QVector3D(x2, y2, 0.05))
        self._vertices.append(QVector3D(x4, y4, 0.05))
        self._vertices.append(QVector3D(x3, y3, 0.05))

        n = QVector3D.normal(QVector3D(x2 - x4, y2 - y4, 0.0),
                             QVector3D(x1 - x4, y1 - y4, 0.0))

        self._normals.append(n)
        self._normals.append(n)
        self._normals.append(n)

        self._normals.append(n)
        self._normals.append(n)
        self._normals.append(n)

    def extrude(self, x1, y1, x2, y2):
        self._vertices.append(QVector3D(x1, y1, +0.05))
        self._vertices.append(QVector3D(x2, y2, +0.05))
        self._vertices.append(QVector3D(x1, y1, -0.05))

        self._vertices.append(QVector3D(x2, y2, -0.05))
        self._vertices.append(QVector3D(x1, y1, -0.05))
        self._vertices.append(QVector3D(x2, y2, +0.05))

        n = QVector3D.normal(QVector3D(x2 - x1, y2 - y1, 0.0),
                             QVector3D(0.0, 0.0, -0.1))

        self._normals.append(n)
        self._normals.append(n)
        self._normals.append(n)

        self._normals.append(n)
        self._normals.append(n)
        self._normals.append(n)